Compositions Steel
Reference data and engineering information about compositions steel for material properties applications.
Overview
Engineering reference data for Compositions Steel in material science and properties.
Key Formulas
Stress
Force per unit area.
Strain
Change in length per original length.
Hooke's Law
Stress proportional to strain in elastic region.
Thermal Expansion
Length change due to temperature.
Variables
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Stress | Pa | |
| Strain | — | |
| Young's modulus | Pa | |
| Thermal expansion coefficient | 1/°C | |
| Temperature change | °C |
Steel Grade | Carbon (C)(%) | Chromium (Cr)(%) | Manganese (Mn)(%) | Molybdenum (Mo)(%) | Nickel (Ni)(%) | Phosphorus (P)(%) | Sulfur (S)(%) | Silicon (Si)(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISI 1018 | 0.14 - 0.20 | - | 0.30 - 0.90 | - | - | - | - | - |
| AISI 1040 | 0.36 - 0.44 | - | 0.60 - 0.90 | - | - | - | - | - |
| AISI 1095 | 0.90 - 1.04 | - | 0.30 - 0.50 | - | - | - | - | - |
| AISI 4023 | 0.20 - 0.25 | - | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.20 - 0.30 | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 4037 | 0.35 - 0.40 | - | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.20 - 0.30 | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 4118 | 0.18 - 0.23 | 0.40 - 0.60 | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.08 - 0.15 | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 4140 | 0.38 - 0.43 | 0.80 - 1.10 | 0.75 - 1.00 | 0.15 - 0.25 | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 4161 | 0.56 - 0.64 | 0.80 - 1.10 | 0.75 - 1.10 | 0.15 - 0.25 | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 4340 | 0.38 - 0.43 | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.60 - 0.80 | 0.20 - 0.30 | 1.65 - 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 5120 | 0.17 - 0.22 | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.70 - 0.90 | - | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 5140 | 0.38 - 0.43 | 0.70 - 0.90 | 0.71 - 0.90 | - | - | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 8620 | 0.18 - 0.23 | 0.40 - 0.60 | 0.75 - 0.90 | 0.15 - 0.25 | 0.40 - 0.70 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 8640 | 0.38 - 0.43 | 0.40 - 0.60 | 0.75 - 1.00 | 0.15 - 0.25 | 0.40 - 0.70 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
| AISI 8660 | 0.56 - 0.64 | 0.40 - 0.60 | 0.75 - 1.00 | 0.15 - 0.25 | 0.40 - 0.70 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15 - 0.30 |
Source: engineeringtoolbox.com
Composition Notes
The chemical composition of steel alloys is not fixed and depends heavily on the specific class, grade, and intended application of the steel. The values in the table represent typical ranges. Key alloying elements influence steel properties:
- Carbon (C): Primary hardening element. Higher carbon content increases strength and hardness but reduces ductility and weldability.
- Chromium (Cr): Enhances hardenability, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
- Manganese (Mn): Improves strength, hardness, and wear resistance. Also acts as a deoxidizer and desulfurizer.
- Molybdenum (Mo): Increases high-temperature strength, hardenability, and resistance to temper brittleness.
- Nickel (Ni): Improves toughness, especially at low temperatures, and enhances corrosion resistance.
Maximum limits for impurities like Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) are critical for quality control, as these elements can cause brittleness. Silicon (Si) is used as a deoxidizer and contributes to strength.