Fuels Air Flue Gas
Reference data and engineering information about fuels air flue gas for combustion applications.
fuelsairfluegas
Overview
Engineering reference data for Fuels Air Flue Gas in combustion engineering.
Key Formulas
Heat Release
Fuel energy release rate.
Air-Fuel Ratio
Mass of air per mass of fuel.
Excess Air
From flue gas oxygen measurement.
Variables
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Heat release rate | W | |
| Mass flow rate | kg/s | |
| Heating value | J/kg | |
| Air-fuel ratio | — |
Combustion Air and Flue Gas Data
The following table provides theoretical combustion air requirements and theoretical flue gas volumes for common fuels. All volumes are measured at standard pressure (1 atm, 0°C).
13 rows
Fuel | Type | Theoretical Air | Theoretical Air | Theoretical Flue Gas | Theoretical Flue Gas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthracite | Solid | 9.4 | 150 | 9.5 | 152 |
| Bituminous coal | Solid | 6.9 | 110 | 7 | 112 |
| Charcoal | Solid | 8.4 | 134 | 8.4 | 135 |
| Coke | Solid | 8.4 | 134 | 8 | 135 |
| Lignite | Solid | 5.7 | 92 | 8.4 | 93 |
| Peat | Solid | 5.7 | 92 | 5.9 | 94 |
| Semi anthracite | Solid | 8.4 | 135 | 8.6 | 137 |
| Wood (dry) | Solid | 4.4 | 70 | 5 | 80 |
| Butane (C₄H₁₀) | Gas | 31 | 31 | 33.4 | 33.4 |
| Natural gas | Gas | 9.5 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 |
| Propane (C₃H₈) | Gas | 23.8 | 23.8 | 25.8 | 25.8 |
| Gas oil | Fluid | 9.8 | 1570 | 10.4 | 1670 |
| Heavy fuel oil | Fluid | 10.8 | 1730 | 11.6 | 1860 |
Source: engineeringtoolbox.com
Units by Fuel Type
| Fuel Type | Air (Metric) | Air (Imperial) | Flue Gas (Metric) | Flue Gas (Imperial) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solids | m³/kg | ft³/lb | m³/kg | ft³/lb |
| Gases | m³ air/m³ fuel | ft³ air/ft³ fuel | m³ gas/m³ fuel | ft³ gas/ft³ fuel |
| Fluids | m³/liter | ft³/gal | m³/liter | ft³/gal |
Important Notes
- Stoichiometric combustion: The data assumes complete (stoichiometric) combustion with no excess air
- Density relationship: Combustion of a fuel gas produces flue gas with higher density than both the original fuel gas and the combustion air
- Standard conditions: All volumes are measured at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm / 101.325 kPa)