Fuels Reference Equivalents

Reference data and engineering information about fuels reference equivalents for combustion applications.

fuelsreferenceequivalents

Overview

Engineering reference data for Fuels Reference Equivalents in combustion engineering.

Key Formulas

Heat Release

$Q = \dot{m} \cdot HV$

Fuel energy release rate.

Air-Fuel Ratio

$AF = \frac{m_{air}}{m_{fuel}}$

Mass of air per mass of fuel.

Excess Air

$EA = \frac{O_2}{21 - O_2} \times 100\%$

From flue gas oxygen measurement.

Variables

Symbol	Description	Unit
$Q$	Heat release rate	W
$\dot{m}$	Mass flow rate	kg/s
$HV$	Heating value	J/kg
$AF$	Air-fuel ratio	—

Energy Unit Conversion Table

9 rows

Standard Reference Fuels and their Equivalents
To (Multiply)	1 ton fuel oil equiv.	1 ton oil equiv. (ton oe)	1 tonne coal equiv. (tce)	1 barrel oil equiv. (boe)
10^6 Btu gross	41.4	43	27.337	5.8
10^6 kcal gross	10.433	10.836	6.888	1462
boe	7.138	7.414	4.713	1
ton oe	0.9628	1	0.6357	0.1349
tce	1.5144	1.5730	1	0.21217
ft^3 natural gas	41400	43000	27333	5800
Nm^3 natural gas	1109.9	1152.8	732.9	155.5
kWh	12133	12602	8012	1700
GJ	43.68	45.37	28.84	6.12

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Interactive Charts

Fuel Equivalents - Online Calculator

References

Original Source

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com