Heating Systems

Overview

Engineering reference data for Heating Systems in material science and properties.

Key Formulas

Stress

$\sigma = \frac{F}{A}$

Force per unit area.

Strain

$\varepsilon = \frac{\Delta L}{L_0}$

Change in length per original length.

Hooke's Law

$\sigma = E \varepsilon$

Stress proportional to strain in elastic region.

Thermal Expansion

$\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T$

Length change due to temperature.

Variables

Key Definitions

• Air Heating Systems: Systems where heat is supplied to buildings primarily through heated air flow and temperature control.
• Boiler Classification: The categorization of boilers according to standards like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, based on design and construction rules.
• Building Heat Loss: The overall heat transfer from a building due to transmission through its elements (walls, roofs), ventilation, and infiltration.
• Gravity Heating System: A hot water heating system where the circulation of water is driven by the natural density difference between hotter and colder water, requiring no pump.
• Diaphragm Expansion Tank: A type of expansion vessel for closed hot water heating systems that uses a flexible diaphragm to separate the system water from the captive air charge.
• Equivalent Length Method: A technique for calculating minor pressure losses in piping systems by expressing the loss caused by fittings and valves as an equivalent length of straight pipe.
• Heat Pump Performance: Rated by metrics like Coefficient of Performance (COP), which compares the heat output to the electrical energy input.
• Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U-value): A measure of how well a building assembly (like a wall or roof) conducts heat; a key factor in calculating transmission heat loss.

Related Topics

This page provides a foundation for designing heating systems. For more detailed information on specific components and calculations, refer to the following related engineering topics:

• System Design: Design of Hot Water Heating Systems, Gravity Heating System, Hot Water Heating System Design Procedure
• Components: Boilers (Classification), Safety Valve Sizing, Heat Exchangers (Heat Transfer Coefficients), Expansion Tanks (Closed and Diaphragm)
• Heat Load & Loss: Heat Loss from Buildings, Heat Transmission Loss through Building Elements, Greenhouse Heat Requirements
• Fluid Properties & Flow: Copper Tube Capacities, Equivalent Length Method for Pressure Loss, Heating System Flow Rates
• Specialized Applications: Air Heating Systems, District Heating, Heat Pumps

References

• Original Source