Saturated Steam Table — Temperature and Pressure
Saturated steam properties including temperature, pressure, enthalpy, specific volume and entropy.
Overview
Saturated steam exists at the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. The saturated steam table provides thermodynamic properties — temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy — for water at the boundary between liquid and vapor phases. These values are essential for heat exchanger sizing, steam system design, flash steam calculations, and condensate management.
Online Saturated Steam Table Calculator. Online calculator to compute the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam.
Key Formulas
Steam Quality
Mass fraction of vapor in a two-phase mixture. Quality equals 0 for saturated liquid and 1 for saturated vapor.
Enthalpy of Wet Steam
Where is the saturated liquid enthalpy and is the latent heat of vaporization.
Flash Steam from Condensate
Estimates vapor generated when high-pressure condensate is discharged to a lower pressure. Subscript 1 denotes the original condition; subscript 2 denotes the flash pressure.
Condensate Load from Heat Transfer
Rate of condensate produced when a steam load (kW) is applied at a given saturation pressure.
Variables
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Steam quality (dryness fraction) | — | |
| Specific enthalpy of saturated liquid | kJ/kg | |
| Latent heat of vaporization | kJ/kg | |
| Specific enthalpy of wet steam | kJ/kg | |
| Heat transfer rate | kW | |
| Condensate mass flow rate | kg/s |
Saturated Steam Properties by Temperature
Temperature(°C) | Pressure(bar) | Specific Vol (liquid)(m³/kg) | Specific Vol (vapor)(m³/kg) | h_f(kJ/kg) | h_fg(kJ/kg) | h_g(kJ/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | 0.00611 | 0.001 | 206.14 | 0 | 2501 | 2501 |
| 20 | 0.02339 | 0.001002 | 57.79 | 83.9 | 2454.1 | 2538 |
| 40 | 0.07384 | 0.001008 | 19.52 | 167.5 | 2406.7 | 2574.2 |
| 60 | 0.1994 | 0.001017 | 7.671 | 251.1 | 2358.4 | 2609.5 |
| 80 | 0.4739 | 0.001029 | 3.407 | 334.9 | 2308.8 | 2643.7 |
| 100 | 1.0133 | 0.001044 | 1.673 | 419.1 | 2257 | 2676.1 |
| 120 | 1.985 | 0.00106 | 0.8913 | 503.7 | 2202.6 | 2706.3 |
| 140 | 3.614 | 0.00108 | 0.5085 | 589.2 | 2144.7 | 2733.9 |
| 160 | 6.181 | 0.001102 | 0.3068 | 675.5 | 2082.2 | 2757.7 |
| 180 | 10.03 | 0.001127 | 0.1938 | 763.2 | 2014 | 2777.2 |
| 200 | 15.55 | 0.001157 | 0.1272 | 852.4 | 1939.7 | 2792.1 |
| 220 | 23.2 | 0.00119 | 0.08604 | 943.7 | 1858.6 | 2802.3 |
| 240 | 33.48 | 0.001229 | 0.05965 | 1037.6 | 1768.6 | 2806.2 |
| 260 | 46.92 | 0.001276 | 0.04213 | 1134.9 | 1667.1 | 2802 |
| 280 | 64.17 | 0.001332 | 0.0301 | 1236.7 | 1551.4 | 2788.1 |
| 300 | 85.84 | 0.001404 | 0.02165 | 1344.9 | 1416.7 | 2761.6 |
| 340 | 145.9 | 0.001638 | 0.01151 | 1594.2 | 1054.4 | 2648.6 |
| 374.15 | 220.9 | 0.003155 | 0.003155 | 2099.3 | 0 | 2099.3 |
Source: engineeringtoolbox.com
Saturated Steam Properties by Pressure
Pressure(bar) | Temperature(°C) | Specific Vol (vapor)(m³/kg) | h_f(kJ/kg) | h_fg(kJ/kg) | h_g(kJ/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | 7 | 129.21 | 29.3 | 2484.9 | 2514.2 |
| 0.05 | 32.9 | 28.19 | 137.8 | 2423.4 | 2561.2 |
| 0.1 | 45.8 | 14.67 | 191.8 | 2392.8 | 2584.6 |
| 0.5 | 81.3 | 3.24 | 340.5 | 2305.4 | 2645.9 |
| 1 | 99.6 | 1.694 | 417.4 | 2258 | 2675.4 |
| 2 | 120.2 | 0.8854 | 504.7 | 2201.9 | 2706.6 |
| 5 | 151.9 | 0.3749 | 640.2 | 2108.5 | 2748.7 |
| 10 | 179.9 | 0.1944 | 762.8 | 2015.3 | 2778.1 |
| 15 | 198.3 | 0.1318 | 844.8 | 1947.3 | 2792.1 |
| 20 | 212.4 | 0.09963 | 908.8 | 1890.7 | 2799.5 |
| 30 | 233.9 | 0.06668 | 1008.4 | 1795.7 | 2804.1 |
| 50 | 263.9 | 0.03944 | 1154.2 | 1640.1 | 2794.3 |
| 100 | 311 | 0.01803 | 1407.6 | 1319.7 | 2727.3 |
| 150 | 342.2 | 0.01034 | 1610.5 | 1000.6 | 2611.1 |
| 200 | 365.8 | 0.00587 | 1826.6 | 586 | 2412.6 |
Source: engineeringtoolbox.com
Flash Steam Calculator
Approximate Saturated Steam Properties from Temperature
Use this calculator to estimate flash steam generated when condensate at a higher pressure is released to a lower pressure.
Flash Steam Fraction
Wet Steam Enthalpy and Condensate Load
Steam Pressure Unit Converter
Saturated Steam Unit Converter
Engineering Notes
- Critical point: At 374.15 °C and 220.9 bar the distinction between liquid and vapor disappears. The latent heat falls to zero, and the specific volumes of liquid and vapor become equal.
- Low-pressure steam: Below about 0.1 bar (roughly 46 °C), vapor density is very low and specific volume becomes extremely large. This makes low-pressure vacuum steam difficult to transport efficiently.
- Flash steam recovery: Condensate discharged from a 10 bar system to atmospheric pressure yields roughly 15 % flash steam by mass. Flash vessels are commonly sized to recover this vapor for low-pressure heating loads.
- Superheat vs. saturation: These tables cover saturated conditions only. Superheated steam tables or the IAPWS-IF97 formulation are needed when steam has been heated above its saturation temperature.
- Steam quality measurement: In practice, steam quality is measured with a throttling calorimeter or separating calorimeter. Typical boiler steam quality at the drum exit is 0.95–0.99.
- Condensate corrosion: Saturated condensate contains dissolved CO₂ forming carbonic acid. Maintain condensate pH above 7 and install air vents on steam mains to minimize oxygen pitting.
References
- Original Source — Engineering ToolBox: Saturated Steam
- Original source external reference — Spirax Sarco saturated steam tables
- Spirax Sarco — Steam Tables
- International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), Industrial Formulation 1997 (IF97)