Steam Tables — Properties of Saturated Steam

Thermodynamic properties of saturated steam and water at various pressures and temperatures.

steamtablesData Table

Overview

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Steam tables provide thermodynamic properties of water and steam at saturation and superheated conditions. The data is essential for sizing steam systems, calculating heat transfer, designing condensate return lines, and determining flash steam losses. Two primary tabulations are used: temperature-based (look up properties by saturation temperature) and pressure-based (look up properties by system pressure).

Key Formulas

Steam Quality

$x = \frac{m_v}{m_{total}}$

Mass fraction of vapor in a two-phase mixture. Ranges from 0 (saturated liquid) to 1 (saturated vapor).

Enthalpy of Wet Steam

$h = h_f + x \cdot h_{fg}$

Determines the specific enthalpy of a wet steam mixture from the quality and saturated properties.

Flash Steam Generated from Condensate

$m_{flash} = m_{liquid} \; \frac{h_{f1} - h_{f2}}{h_{fg2}}$

Predicts how much steam is produced when high-pressure condensate is discharged to a lower pressure.

Condensate Load from Heat Transfer

$m_c = \frac{Q}{h_{fg}}$

Estimates the mass flow rate of condensate from a known heat duty and latent heat.

Specific Volume of Wet Steam

$v = v_f + x \; (v_g - v_f)$

Used for pipe sizing in two-phase regions.

Variables

8 rows

Common symbols used in steam table calculations
Symbol	Description	Unit
x	Steam quality (dryness fraction)	—
h_f	Enthalpy of saturated liquid	kJ/kg
h_fg	Latent heat of vaporization	kJ/kg
h_g	Enthalpy of saturated vapor	kJ/kg
v_f	Specific volume of saturated liquid	m^3/kg
v_g	Specific volume of saturated vapor	m^3/kg
Q	Heat transfer rate	kW
m	Mass flow rate	kg/s

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Saturated Steam — Temperature Table

11 rows

Properties of saturated steam — look up by temperature
Temp(°C)	Pressure(bar)	h_f(kJ/kg)	h_fg(kJ/kg)	h_g(kJ/kg)	v_f(m^3/kg)	v_g(m^3/kg)
100	1.013	419.1	2257	2676	0.001044	1.673
110	1.433	461.3	2230	2691	0.001052	1.21
120	1.985	503.7	2202	2706	0.00106	0.892
130	2.701	546.3	2174	2720	0.00107	0.668
140	3.614	589.1	2144	2734	0.00108	0.509
150	4.76	632.2	2114	2746	0.001091	0.392
160	6.181	675.5	2082	2758	0.001102	0.307
170	7.92	719.2	2049	2768	0.001114	0.243
180	10.03	763.2	2014	2778	0.001127	0.194
190	12.55	807.6	1977	2785	0.001141	0.156
200	15.55	852.4	1939	2792	0.001157	0.127

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Saturated Steam — Pressure Table

10 rows

Properties of saturated steam — look up by pressure
Pressure(bar)	Temp(°C)	h_f(kJ/kg)	h_fg(kJ/kg)	h_g(kJ/kg)
1	99.6	417.5	2258	2675
1.5	111.4	467.1	2226	2693
2	120.2	504.7	2202	2707
3	133.5	561.4	2163	2725
5	151.8	640.1	2108	2748
10	179.9	762.6	2015	2778
15	198.3	844.7	1947	2792
20	212.4	908.6	1890	2798
50	263.9	1154	1640	2794
100	311	1408	1319	2727

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Saturation Curve — Temperature vs Pressure

Saturation Temperature vs Pressure

Flash Steam Calculator

Use this calculator to estimate the mass of flash steam produced when condensate at one pressure is discharged to a lower pressure.

Flash Steam from Condensate Blowdown

Condensate mass(kg)

Liquid enthalpy at high pressure(kJ/kg)

Liquid enthalpy at low pressure(kJ/kg)

Latent heat at low pressure(kJ/kg)

Wet Steam Properties

Steam quality

Saturated liquid enthalpy(kJ/kg)

Latent heat(kJ/kg)

Liquid specific volume(m3/kg)

Vapor specific volume(m3/kg)

Unit Converter

Steam Table Unit Converter

Pressure(bar)

Specific enthalpy(kJ/kg)

Restored Original Source Tables

The corrected original source for this route is the Online Saturated Steam Table Calculator page. That source page contains calculator form fields and external calculator references, but no substantive thermodynamic data table in the cached HTML. The saturated steam pressure and temperature data used by the calculator experience is preserved in the interactive tables above.

3 rows

Source UI artifacts and calculator migration treatment
Source Artifact	Migration Treatment
Search and layout rows containing × / 検索 placeholders	Intentionally not copied as engineering data; represented here as non-substantive source UI artifacts.
Online Saturated Steam Table Calculator form fields	Migrated as saturated steam, wet steam, flash steam, and unit-conversion calculators above.
External Spirax Sarco saturated steam calculator reference	Preserved in References.

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Engineering Notes

Interpolation is often required. Steam table data is tabulated at discrete intervals; use linear interpolation between adjacent rows for intermediate conditions.
Latent heat decreases with pressure. At higher pressures the difference between liquid and vapor enthalpy narrows, which means less energy per kilogram is available for heating in a condensing process.
Superheated steam tables are separate from saturated tables. Once steam is superheated, its properties depend on both pressure and temperature independently.
Flash steam recovery is a major energy-savings opportunity in steam systems. High-pressure condensate discharged to atmospheric pressure can flash off roughly 10–15 % of its mass as low-pressure steam.
Pipe sizing for steam distribution must account for specific volume, which increases dramatically at lower pressures. Using saturated vapor specific volume ( $v_g$ ) is conservative for header sizing.
Steam quality matters for heat transfer. Wet steam with quality below 0.95 can cause water hammer and reduce heat exchanger performance. Aim for quality ≥ 0.98 at the point of use.
All values in these tables are based on the IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation, which is the internationally accepted standard for industrial steam properties.

References

Original Source — Engineering ToolBox: Steam Tables
IAPWS-IF97: Industrial Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com