Symbols Chemical Reaction Process Condition

Reference data and engineering information about symbols chemical reaction process condition for chemistry applications.

symbolschemicalreactionprocess

Overview

Engineering reference data for Symbols Chemical Reaction Process Condition in chemistry.

$PV = nRT$

Pressure × Volume = moles × gas constant × temperature.

$M = \frac{n}{V}$

Moles of solute per liter of solution.

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Measure of acidity.

The following subscript symbols are commonly used in thermodynamic notation to denote specific chemical processes or reactions.

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Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Superscript symbols indicate the conditions or state under which a thermodynamic quantity is measured.

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Superscript symbols indicating thermodynamic conditions or states
Superscript Symbol	Meaning
app	Apparent
≠, ‡	Activated complex, transition state
E	Excess quantity
id	Ideal
∞	Infinite dilution
*	Pure substance
°, θ	Standard state

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Common examples demonstrating how subscript and superscript symbols are applied in thermodynamic expressions:

Symbol	Meaning
$\Delta G_r$	Change in Gibbs free energy for a reaction
$\Delta H_{sol}$	Change in enthalpy during dissolution
$\Delta S_{vap}$	Change in entropy during evaporation
$p^\circ$	Pressure at standard state (normally 1 bar)
$H^\infty$	Enthalpy at infinite dilution
$G^{id}$	Ideal Gibbs free energy
$G^E$	Excess Gibbs free energy
$\Delta H_f^\circ$	Standard enthalpy of formation