Water Temperature Specific Gravity
Reference data and engineering information about water temperature specific gravity for thermodynamics applications.
watertemperaturespecificgravity
Overview
Engineering reference data for Water Temperature Specific Gravity in thermodynamics.
Key Formulas
First Law
Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.
Ideal Gas Law
Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.
Heat Transfer
Sensible heat transfer.
Carnot Efficiency
Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.
Variables
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Internal energy | J | |
| Heat | J | |
| Work | J | |
| Pressure | Pa | |
| Volume | m³ | |
| Temperature | K |
20 rows
Temperature(°C) | Pressure(kPa) | Density(g/cm³) | SG (4°C ref) | SG (15°C ref) | SG (15.6°C ref) | SG (20°C ref) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 101.3 | 0.99985 | 0.99987 | 1.00075 | 1.00083 | 1.00165 |
| 4 | 101.3 | 0.999975 | 1 | 1.00087 | 1.00096 | 1.00177 |
| 10 | 101.3 | 0.999703 | 0.99973 | 1.0006 | 1.00069 | 1.0015 |
| 15 | 101.3 | 0.999103 | 0.99913 | 1 | 1.00009 | 1.0009 |
| 20 | 101.3 | 0.998207 | 0.99823 | 0.9991 | 0.99919 | 1 |
| 25 | 101.3 | 0.997047 | 0.99707 | 0.99794 | 0.99803 | 0.99884 |
| 30 | 101.3 | 0.995649 | 0.99567 | 0.99654 | 0.99663 | 0.99744 |
| 40 | 101.3 | 0.99222 | 0.9922 | 0.9931 | 0.9932 | 0.994 |
| 50 | 101.3 | 0.98804 | 0.9881 | 0.9889 | 0.989 | 0.9898 |
| 60 | 101.3 | 0.9832 | 0.9832 | 0.9841 | 0.9842 | 0.985 |
| 70 | 101.3 | 0.97776 | 0.9778 | 0.9786 | 0.9787 | 0.9795 |
| 80 | 101.3 | 0.97179 | 0.9718 | 0.9727 | 0.9727 | 0.9735 |
| 90 | 101.3 | 0.96531 | 0.9653 | 0.9662 | 0.9663 | 0.967 |
| 100 | 101.4 | 0.9584 | 0.9584 | 0.9592 | 0.9593 | 0.9601 |
| 120 | 198.9 | 0.9431 | 0.9431 | 0.944 | 0.944 | 0.9448 |
| 140 | 362.3 | 0.9261 | 0.9262 | 0.927 | 0.927 | 0.9278 |
| 160 | 620.1 | 0.9075 | 0.9075 | 0.9083 | 0.9083 | 0.9091 |
| 200 | 1553 | 0.8647 | 0.8647 | 0.8654 | 0.8655 | 0.8662 |
| 250 | 3976 | 0.7992 | 0.7992 | 0.7999 | 0.8 | 0.8006 |
| 300 | 8588 | 0.7121 | 0.7122 | 0.7128 | 0.7128 | 0.7134 |
Source: engineeringtoolbox.com
Properties
- Specific Gravity (SG) is a dimensionless ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance under specified conditions. Its value is the same in both SI and Imperial unit systems.
- For liquids and solids, the reference is typically pure water. Common reference temperatures are 4°C (where water density is ~1000 kg/m³), 15°C, 15.6°C (60°F), and 20°C (68°F).
- For gases, the reference is air at room temperature (25°C).
- The temperature and pressure of both the sample and the reference must be specified when reporting or using Specific Gravity values.
- The density of water decreases as temperature increases above 4°C, which causes its specific gravity (relative to a colder reference) to fall below 1.0.