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Water Temperature Specific Gravity

Reference data and engineering information about water temperature specific gravity for thermodynamics applications.

watertemperaturespecificgravity

Overview

Engineering reference data for Water Temperature Specific Gravity in thermodynamics.

Key Formulas

First Law

ΔU=QW\Delta U = Q - W

Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRTPV = nRT

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Heat Transfer

Q=mcΔTQ = mc\Delta T

Sensible heat transfer.

Carnot Efficiency

η=1TC/TH\eta = 1 - T_C/T_H

Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.

Variables

SymbolDescriptionUnit
UUInternal energyJ
QQHeatJ
WWWorkJ
PPPressurePa
VVVolume
TTTemperatureK
20 rows
Density and Specific Gravity of Water vs. Temperature (SI Units, 1 atm up to 100°C, saturation pressure above)
Temperature(°C)
Pressure(kPa)
Density(g/cm³)
SG (4°C ref)
SG (15°C ref)
SG (15.6°C ref)
SG (20°C ref)
0.1101.30.999850.999871.000751.000831.00165
4101.30.99997511.000871.000961.00177
10101.30.9997030.999731.00061.000691.0015
15101.30.9991030.9991311.000091.0009
20101.30.9982070.998230.99910.999191
25101.30.9970470.997070.997940.998030.99884
30101.30.9956490.995670.996540.996630.99744
40101.30.992220.99220.99310.99320.994
50101.30.988040.98810.98890.9890.9898
60101.30.98320.98320.98410.98420.985
70101.30.977760.97780.97860.97870.9795
80101.30.971790.97180.97270.97270.9735
90101.30.965310.96530.96620.96630.967
100101.40.95840.95840.95920.95930.9601
120198.90.94310.94310.9440.9440.9448
140362.30.92610.92620.9270.9270.9278
160620.10.90750.90750.90830.90830.9091
20015530.86470.86470.86540.86550.8662
25039760.79920.79920.79990.80.8006
30085880.71210.71220.71280.71280.7134

Source: engineeringtoolbox.com

Properties

  • Specific Gravity (SG) is a dimensionless ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance under specified conditions. Its value is the same in both SI and Imperial unit systems.
  • For liquids and solids, the reference is typically pure water. Common reference temperatures are 4°C (where water density is ~1000 kg/m³), 15°C, 15.6°C (60°F), and 20°C (68°F).
  • For gases, the reference is air at room temperature (25°C).
  • The temperature and pressure of both the sample and the reference must be specified when reporting or using Specific Gravity values.
  • The density of water decreases as temperature increases above 4°C, which causes its specific gravity (relative to a colder reference) to fall below 1.0.

Interactive Charts

Spec_gravity_C

References