标准 state 焓 formation definition value gibbs free 能 熵 molar 热容

Overview

Engineering reference data for Standard State Enthalpy Formation Definition Value Gibbs Free Energy Entropy Molar Heat Capacity in thermodynamics.

Key Formulas

First Law

$\Delta U = Q - W$

Energy is conserved — heat added minus work done.

Ideal Gas Law

$PV = nRT$

Relates pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Heat Transfer

$Q = mc\Delta T$

Sensible heat transfer.

Carnot Efficiency

$\eta = 1 - T_C/T_H$

Maximum efficiency between two temperatures.

Variables

References

• Original Source